In general,  in any scenario where you are adding and updating keys or values concurrently from multiple threads. In scenarios that involve frequent updates and relatively few reads, the ConcurrentDictionary generally offers modest benefits. In scenarios that involve many reads and many updates, the ConcurrentDictionary generally is significantly faster on computers that have any number of cores.

In scenarios that involve frequent updates, you can increase the degree of concurrency in the ConcurrentDictionary and then measure to see whether performance increases on computers that have more cores. If you change the concurrency level, avoid global operations as much as possible.

If you are only reading key or values, the Dictionary is faster because no synchronization is required if the dictionary is not being modified by any threads.